05.12.2023
Nature Microbiology Volume 8 | December 2023 | 2223–2225
A publication authored by Prosser et al., as featured in Nature Microbiology, explores the ramifications of climate change on both bird migration and the prevalence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). The article underscores the unprecedented scale of recent HPAI outbreaks and their potential implications for agriculture and human health. Furthermore, it illuminates the connection between patterns of climate change and the dissemination of HPAI, suggesting potential influences on virus evolution and dynamics.
According to the authors, there is evidence of mutation towards mammalian adaptation in recent HPAI outbreaks. This is associated with the introduction of HPAI H5 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses into the Americas in 2021-2022, which marked an unprecedented expansion in the geography and impact of HPAI. The viruses have shown strong adaptation to wild ducks, including increased replication with lower-dose exposures, shorter time to infection, greater shedding from respiratory and intestinal tracts, and potential increased persistence of virus particles in water. These characteristics suggest that the viruses may have the potential to infect mammals, including humans.
The publication underscores the necessity for an interdisciplinary and cross-national approach to advancing research on the current and future global landscape of HPAI amidst the backdrop of swift climate change. Additionally, it outlines three crucial scientific inquiries and corresponding methodologies to address this multifaceted challenge.
First, how will altered contacts between influenza host species and populations influence viral reassortment, genetic shift and evolution?
Second, what are wild birds’ physiological responses to climate change and extreme weather events, and how do they affect within-host disease dynamics?
Third, how will selective forces of climate change affect influenza dynamics in the environment? In summary, the article imparts valuable insights into the intricate interplay among climate change, bird migration, and HPAI outbreaks.
